Different Types of Notices and Their Time Limit Under Income Tax, 1961

Notices are generally issued under section 142(1), 142(1), 143(2), 148, 139(9) and 156 of the Income Tax Act,1961.

Section 142(1) - Inquiry Before Assessment

Notice under Section 142 is issued, to gather information from the taxpayer such as Books of accounts or documents, Other information in written form as required by the assessing officer.

This information might include statements of assets and liabilities, which are already part of accounts.

If the asseessee has not filed Income Tax Returns, this notice can be issued, requiring the assessee to file the returns within the specified time limit.

Therefore, it can be issued irrespective of whether the assessee has filed the income tax returns or not.

If the Assessing Officer is satisfied that the information submitted by the assessee is valid and complete, he may choose to discontinue the assessment proceedings at that stage.

The assessee should provide the information as requested by the assessing officer even if he opines that the information is irrelevant for the assessment procedures.

Time Limit of Issue of Notice u/s 142(1)

·       Time limit for notice under the following two situations are explained below

·       Notices issued for the production of books of accounts or information

·       Notices issued in case the return on income not filed

·       For Notices Issued for the Production of Books of Accounts or Information

The time limit is 3 years before the financial year.

E.g. If the notice is issued on 24-05-2025, it was issued in the previous year, 2024-25. The notice pertaining to the production of accounts should be pertaining to the year 2021-22 and not any earlier previous year.

For Notices Issued in Case the Return on Income not Filed

There is no explicitly mentioned time limit for the issue of notice u/s 142(1) in case the return on income is not filed.

Note:

The time limit for completing the assessment for section 143 is 12 months from the completion of the relevant assessment year.

So, it can be inferred that the notices should also be issued within the time limits for completion of the assessment.

Time Limit for Response to Notice

The assessee is required to file the return or necessary information within the time limit prescribed in the notice.

Section 143(1) - Intimation on Summary Assessment

What is Summary Assessment?

Simply speaking, summary assessment is the processing of the return.

Intimation on Summary Assessment

Under the act, it is not mentioned as ‘notice’ but as ‘intimation’. This notice is issued when the assessee has already filed the return on income. If the assessing officer finds certain inconsistencies, as mentioned below, he sends an intimation to the assessee. 

·       Any arithmetical error in the return;

·       Any claim which is incorrect on the face of it,

·       Losses of previous financial years for which the return is filed beyond the due date as per section 139(1)

·       Any expense disallowed in the Tax Audit Report and not disallowed in the income tax computation.

·       If any deduction is claimed under Chapter VI-A or section 10AA for the financial year in which the return is filed beyond the due date mentioned in section 139(1).

·       Usually, these inconsistencies are not found out of deep scrutiny; they are obvious inconsistencies that appear apparently.

·       The intimation can be issued if the return is filed under section 139(1) or 142(1).

Time Limit for Notice u/s 143(1)

Notice under section 143(1) cannot be sent by the assessing officer after 9 months from the end of the financial year in which the return is filed.

For example, the return of income is filed for FY 2024-25. End of the financial year is 31-03-2025. 9 months from the end of financial year is 31-12-2015. It is the last date for issuing intimation u/s 143(1) in this case.

Time Limit for Response to Notice

The assessee is supposed to file a response to the intimation received within 30 days of the date the intimation is issued.

If the Assessee files the Response Within 30 Days

His responses will be considered for the computation of income by the assessing officer. The assessing office would verify the correctness and validity of responses received before giving effect to the inconsistencies noted.

If the Assessee files no Response Within 30 Days

The assessing officer will proceed, giving effect to the inconsistencies noted. It might also result in penal consequences under section 271 or prosecution proceedings under section 276D, which might also result in imprisonment.

Section 143(2) - Notice on Scrutiny Assessment

What is Scrutiny Assessment?

This notice is issued when the assessee has not provided any information or when the assessing officer is not satisfied with the information provided by the assessee.

This notice might ask you the profit of tax deductions, and exemptions claimed and further information about the profits computed, enabling the officer to conduct a further detailed enquiry.

This is called scrutiny assessment.

Notice under Scrutiny Assessment

The assessing officer might require the assessee to furnish evidence to perform a scrutiny assessment. In this case, he issues a notice under section 143(2).

Time Limit for the Issue of Notice u/s 143(2)

3 months from the end of the relevant financial year on which the return on income is furnished.

For example, the Return was furnished on 19/02/2025. The financial year ends on 31 March 2025, so the notice needs to be issued by 30 June 2025.

Time Limit for Response to Notice

The response should be submitted by the assessee within the time limit specified in the notice.

Consequence of Non-Compliance of Time Limit

Penal consequences under section 271.

The assessing officer would proceed to assess the income himself, based on whatever information is available. He would demand tax from the assessee as per his calculation, without providing any opportunity for the assessee to explain. This is called the Best Judgement Assessment u/s 144.

Note: Anyway, we can make a requisition under section 119(2) to the CBDT to relax the time limit. The assessing officer can relax the time limit at his discretion.

Section 148 - Notice on Income Escaping Assessment

What is Income Escaping Assessment?

The assessee would not have furnished certain income in the returns and it would have been missed out by the assessing office on his regular assessment. In this case, the assessing officer has the power to re-assess the income of the assessee in the particular financial year.

It could also be that the assessing officer has not conducted any assessment on the return under question, and the time limit for normal assessment under section 143 has elapsed. In these situations, he has the power to re-open the return under question and conduct assessment.

This is the concept of income escaping assessment.

Notice on Income Escaping Assessment

A Show Cause Notice is issued to the assessee, allowing him to explain himself under section 148A. If the assessing officer is still unsatisfied, a notice under section 148 is issued.

It is to be noted that notice for income escaping assessment can be issued only when the assessing officer has information indicating that the income has escaped the assessment.

Notice under this section cannot be issued for cases that are already under an appeal.

Illustration: Notice u/s 148 is issued on 15th January 2025. The end of Jan is 31st Jan. 3 months from 31st Jan - 30th April 2025. Return to be within 30th April 2025.

 

Time Limit for Issue of Notice Under Section 148

Particulars	Upto 31st August 2024	After 31st August, 2024
Normal Cases	3 years from the end of the Relevant Assessment Year	3 years and 3 months from the end of the Relevant Assessment Year
	Example: For income of Rs.30,00,000 escaped in FY 2020-21, Relevant Assessment Year is Rs.2021-22. Since this is before 31st August 2024, the time limit is 31st March, 2025
Specified Cases	10 years from the end of the Relevant Assessment Year.	5 years and 3 months from the end of the Relevant Assessment Year
	Example: For income of ₹60,00,000 escaped in FY 2020-21, Relevant Assessment Year is 2021-22. Since this is before 31 August 2024, the time limit is 31 March 2032.              Example: For income of ₹60,00,000 escaped in FY 2024-25, the Relevant Assessment Year is 2025-26. Since this is after 31 August 2024, the time limit is 31 March 2031.

Normal Cases: If the income escaped assessment is less than ₹. 50 Lakhs as per the information available with the Assessing Officer

Specified Cases: If the income escaped assessment is ₹. 50 Lakhs or more as per the information available with the Assessing Officer.

Time Limit for Response to Notice

In the notice under section 148, the assessing officer requires the assessee to file a return of income within 3 months from the end of the month the notice is issued.

Consequence of Non-Compliance of Time Limit

Best Judgment Assessment u/s 144.

However, the assessee can make a requisition under section 119(2) to the CBDT for a relaxation of the time limit. The assessing officer can relax the time limit at his discretion.

Section 156 - Demand Notice

At the end of the assessment by the assessing officer, an assessment order is passed, determining the amount of tax, interest, and penalty payable by the assessee. Wherever it is found that an amount is recoverable from the assessee as tax, interest, and penalty, the assessing order must be sent along with a demand notice.

Time Limit for Response to Notice

The assessee should pay the demand notice within 30 days of the notice. In exceptional cases, the assessing officer, with the prior approval of the Joint Commissioner, can reduce or extend the period or allow payment by instalment.

If the assessment order is not accompanied by a demand notice, the assessee does not need to pay tax, interest, or penalty.

Consequence of Non-Compliance of Time Limit

Interest at 1% per month or part thereof if the payment is not made within 30 days.

Penalty as imposed by the assessing officer.

Section 139(9) - Defective Notice

After the assessee files the return of income, when the assessing officer finds the return filed defective, he sends an intimation to the assessee. Therefore, the assessee is provided with an opportunity to rectify the defect.

Time Limit for Response to Notice

In normal cases, the assessee should file a response to the intimation within 15 days of the issue of notice.

However, the assessee can request the assessing officer to relax the time limit, and the assessing officer has the discretion to do so.

Consequence of Non-Compliance of Time Limit

If the assessee does not file a response within the specified time limit, the return that was filed will be treated as invalid. It will be considered as if the assessee has not filed a return at all.